RNA ligases catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between RNA fragments, enabling the assembly of short RNA strands into defined siRNA duplexes. They are used to join RNA building blocks with high sequence specificity and under mild, aqueous conditions.

DNA ligases catalyze the covalent joining of DNA oligonucleotide fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds, enabling the stepwise or fragment-based assembly of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). They offer a chemo‑enzymatic route compatible with sequence control and selected chemical modifications.

Glucose dehydrogenase is an auxiliary enzyme used in biocatalysis to regenerate redox cofactors (typically NADH or NADPH) by oxidizing glucose, enabling continuous and cost‑efficient operation of cofactor‑dependent enzymes.

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Unspecific peroxygenases are oxidative enzymes used in biocatalysis to catalyse selective oxyfunctionalisation reactions (e.g. hydroxylation, epoxidation) using hydrogen peroxide, enabling direct and sustainable C–H activation under mild conditions.

Transaminases are enzymes used in biocatalysis to transfer an amino group from an amino donor to a ketone or aldehyde, enabling the efficient and stereoselective synthesis of chiral amines under mild conditions.

Amino acid dehydrogenases are NAD(P)H‑dependent enzymes used in biocatalysis to catalyse the reversible reductive amination of keto acids to amino acids, enabling the efficient synthesis of optically pure amino acids under mild conditions.

Adenosine deaminases catalyse the deamination of adenosine and related nucleosides, enabling selective base modifications and key transformations in nucleoside and pharmaceutical synthesis.

Kinases are enzymes used in biocatalysis to transfer a phosphate group from a donor (typically ATP) to a substrate, enabling selective phosphorylation reactions under mild and controlled conditions